From the Vault: A Survey of Tank Crew Problems

tank crew issuesToday we present a document from the Medical Research Laboratory at Fort Knox from 1952 on ‘Tank Crew Problems.”  This report examines issues reported by tank crews concerning ergonomic issues of US tanks, primarily the M4 Sherman series.  The report is divided in five different sections, one for each crew position.  This is not a very long report, totaling about 23 pages.  We have reprinted some of the specific crew complaints below, they should prove rather interesting to anyone looking for information on what it was like to be a Sherman or M26/M46 tank crewman (these were copy-pasted from the PDF, so there might be some typos.)  Special thanks to forum member LeuCeaMia over at SH for pointing this document out.  A PDF of the full report can be downloaded here.

Problems of the Commander

1. When operating the tank radio it is necessary to hold the spring-loaded switch on the BC606 control with one hand while holding * the microphone to the lips with the button depressed with the other hand. While going cross-country in rough terrain, my tank was taken under fire by enemy troops. In attempting to radio to other tanks in my platoon, I was unable to hold on securely and operate the radio, too. The tank came off a rice paddy and I was severely shaken up and fell to the turret floor.

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Hunnicutt’s Abrams and Pershing Books Reprinted

51kvxIYQoHL._SX385_BO1,204,203,200_Echo Point Books & Media have released a reprints of Abrams: A History of the American Main Battle Tank, Vol. 2 and Pershing: A History of the Medium Tank T20 Series by R. P. Hunnicutt.  The Abrams book is available in either softcover for $45 or hardcover for $55 while the Pershing book is $40 for the softcover or $50 for hardcover .  With the reprinting of Abrams and Pershing, Echo Point has now reprinted six of the ten books that Hunnicutt wrote documenting the history of US Armor.  Hunnicutt’s book ‘Firepower: the history of US Heavy Tanks”, is believed to be reprinted soon by the folks over at World of Tanks.  That leaves only Sheridan, Armored Car, and Bradley as available only in the original editions.  Fortunately, these three were later books in the series and generally can be found for under $100 on the used book market

51Xp1KKyCEL._SX385_BO1,204,203,200_It’s fair to say that the works of R. P. Hunnicutt are essential items in the collection of anyone serious about learning about US Armor history.  The Abrams book covers not only the development of the Abrams, but also earlier attempts at developing a new MBT during the cold war, such as the T-95 and the MBT-70.  The book was published in 1990, so it does not include any information on Abrams variants past that date.  Pershing covers the development of the T-20 series through to the M26 Pershing.  Used copies of the original hardcover editions of these books are long out of print and command $100+ prices on the used book market, so these affordable reprints are most certainly a welcome development for tank and AFV aficionados.

UK renames the Scout SV the “Ajax”

1642831_-_mainJane’s is reporting that the United Kingdom has renamed its Scout SV tracked reconnaissaince vehicle as Ajax at the recent Defense and Security Equipment International (DSEI) exhibition.  The Ajax name will apply to the entire family of vehicles, of which the UK has ordered 589.  These vehicles will be produced by General Dynamics UK in a manufacturing contract worth 5.4 billion dollars.  Of these vehicles, 245 will be the version armed with the CTA International 40mm Case Telescoped Armament System in a turret produced by Lockheed Martin UK.  Names have also been assigned to the other variants.  They include a reconnaissance support vehicle named Ares (93 ordered), a command and control vehicle named Athena (112), an equipment repair vehicle known as Apollo (50), equipment recovery variant called Atlas (38) and an engineering reconnaissance vehicle named Argus (51).  Three Ajax prototypes are scheduled to be delivered in 2016.

Ukraine’s “Azov Engineering Group” factory

Motherboard has posted an article about an old tractor factory in Ukraine occupied by the Azov Battalion. The article provides pictures and descriptions of the efforts by Azov at this facility to build their own armored vehicles. Particular attention is paid to the homemade vehicle “Azovette”, a heavily armored T-64 chassis:

144232650802589Zvarych invited us inside the workshop, where a small team of student welders, engineers, and guys who worked here back when the factory made tractors, are finishing off their latest creation, “Azovette.”

Zvarych walks us around the metal beast, pointing out the layers of armor, each 7cm thick and lined with explosives intended to disperse the impact of any strike. Most projectiles capable of penetrating the 7cm of armor will be shaped-charged missiles, consisting of a hollow cone that lays concave to the tip of the projectile and is backed by explosives. When detonated, the explosives hit the apex of the cone and propel it forward, effectively turning the cone inside out and forming a focused jet of explosive energy that drives the projectile forward for maximum impact. The explosives in Azovette’s armor are intended to counteract the shaped-charge by driving energy in the opposite direction so the cone can’t turn inside out to focus the blast.

The armor is spaced out in layers, creating chambers that keep any damage contained to that layer of armor. There are seven chambers of this reactive armor up front and three on the sides.

“Usually a tank has 10 or 20cm of armor (in the front) but we put in 1.4m. This tank can take anything, even a big missile from a plane. It can take all the modern equipment of all the armies,” says Zvarych.

He says Azovette is the perfect tank and compares the 50 tonne 5-seater to Nazi Germany’s super-tank, Panzer VIII Maus, a fully enclosed, 188 tonne goliath of mythological proportions that never passed the prototype stage.

The article only devotes two sentences to pointing out the obvious Nazi imagery used by the Azov Battalion and their association with far-right and white supremacist ideology.    Given this history, perhaps it is not surprising that they would compare their homemade tank to that most ridiculous and grandiose AFV of the Third Reich, the Maus.

T-14 Armata in the news

The new Russian T-14 Armata continues to get media attention since it’s first public appearance this past spring.  A new Russian language TV show about the Armata has been posted on youtube, Unfortunately there are no English language subtitles available but those interested in this vehicle will still find the footage worth watching.  This video shows the interior of the production facility where the T-14 is made as well as footage of the interior of the crew compartment.  Some nice images of the Armata powerpack are included as well.

 

Also in the news lately, the magazine ‘The National Interest” has run a couple articles comparing the Armata to it’s Western counterparts.  Frankly, we are a bit sceptical of some of the claims made in these articles since so little concrete information is known concerning the capabilities and stats of the T-14.  Still, we thought these articles might prove interesting for our readers.  Article links below.

Russia’s Armata T-14 Tank vs. America’s M-1 Abrams: Who Wins?

Russia’s Armata T-14 Tank vs. Germany’s Lethal Leopard: Who Wins?

Sherman Tank arrives in Saratoga for display at NYS Military Museum

From the Defense Video & Imagery Distribution Network (Dvids)

NY ShermanSARATOGA SPRINGS, N.Y. -A World War II-era Sherman tank that spent the past 22 months for refurbishment and repainting with New York Army National Guard maintenance personnel returns for public display at the New York State Military Museum in Saratoga Springs. The famed WWII armored vehicle spent just under ten years stored at the museum awaiting a proper display location and new paint job.  The restoration project included welding broken parts as well as stripping and painting the tank. These tasks were a unique training exercise for the Allied Trade section of the New York Army National Guard machinists and mechanics from the State Maneuver Area Training Equipment Site, or MATES, based at Fort Drum, New York.  The restoration provides a unique maintenance training task as Soldiers refurbished the Sherman and other historic vehicles for display at other military locations in New York.

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Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park, Armor

Here is a photo gallery of the vehicles on display of the armor on display at the Camp Blanding Museum and Memorial Park in Florida by blogger “1meandad.”

Russia Arms Expo 2015

1486121_-_mainThis past week, the Russia Arms Expo (RAE) 2015 took place in Nizhny Tagil in the Urals. Jane’s reporting Christopher Foss described the event as “noticeably subdued”, noting that the new T-14 Armata and T-15 heaving infantry fighting vehicles were displayed, but did not take part in the firepower and mobility demonstrations. He also notes these new vehicles were locked down behind a cordon and that no new technical information was released. According to Foss, the emphasis was on promoting the export of in-prodution AFVs, such as the T-90 series and the BMP-3. One of the few new armored vehicles shown for the first time at the event was the BMP-3 Dragon, a variant of the BMP-3 mounting a 57mm cannon in a remotely controlled turret. An upgraded version of the BTR-80 was also displayed, featuring a new protection package, cameras, and a remote weapon station with stabilized 12.7mm heavy machine gun.

To view a series of photos from RAE 2015, click here to go to the livejournal page of Varlamov.ru.

RT published an article on RAE 2015 as well. As might be expected, the RT article gives a far more positive depiction of the event than the Jane’s article. RT also posted some short videos from the firepower and mobility demonstrations.

 

 

 

 

Europe News Today has posted four lengthy videos of footage of the firepower and mobility demonstrations at RAE 2015.

 

 

 

 

“The Main Thing about Tanks” WoT videos

Here are a series of short videos from the World of Tanks official video channel explaining some basics on tank history and development.  These videos are in Russian, but English subtitles are available.

The main thing about the tanks. Weaponry

 
The main thing about the tanks. Engine

 
The main thing about the tanks. The Chassis.

 
The main thing about the tanks. Layout.

 
The main thing about the tanks. The Hull.

 
The main thing about tanks. The Turret.

 
(we omitted one video from this series since it did not have English subtitles. For those that wish to view it, it is available here.)

We Are the Mighty blog on Lafayette Pool.

Lafayette_G._Pool_1949The blog “We Are The Mighty” has posted an article about the WW2 exploits of US tank commander Lafayette Pool.  Part of the 3rd Armored division, Pool and his crew would become one of the most famous tank crews of war, credited with destroying 12 enemy tanks and dozens of other vehicles in their M4A1 (76) tank dubbed “In the Mood.”  Pool has been sited as the inspiration for the character of “Wardaddy” in the recent film Fury.  Pool and his crew lost their own tank to enemy action three times, the final incident resulting in the end of Pool’s career as he sustained an injury which lead to the amputation of his leg.  Pool would rejoin the 3rd Armored Division after the war and serve as an instructor until his retirement in 1960.

The “We are the Mighty” article is relatively short.  For those looking for more information on Lafayette Pool, here are several  links to some more in-depth articles.

Yank Magazine 1945 

Journal of Military Ordnance

Tribune-Herald 1987